Washington, D.C. – In response to the recent murders of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and George Floyd, House Judiciary Committee Democrats sent a letter to the Department of Justice (DOJ) demanding prompt action, including the opening of pattern and practice investigations of police misconduct. The letter calls for the DOJ to investigate the prosecutors involved in the case of Ahmaud Arbery, an unarmed African American man who was shot in cold blood while running in his neighborhood. The letter also calls for DOJ to open pattern and practice investigations into the police departments in Louisville, Kentucky, where Breonna Taylor was gunned down in her own home by police, and in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where George Floyd was killed after a police officer kneeled on his neck and body. The House Judiciary Committee will also be pursuing additional oversight and legislative action in June to address the series of racially motivated violence and unjust policing practices that have resulted in the deaths of African Americans across the country.

House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) released the following statement:

“America’s history of racism and racially motivated violence is a plague that continues to live on through generations. It’s an ugly truth that can be seen today in disproportionate rates of COVID deaths, in discriminatory police enforcement of social distancing rules, in racial profiling, and in the unconstitutional treatment of African Americans by law enforcement, among other examples. The federal government has a critical role to play in promoting a culture of accountability for all law enforcement organizations, including at the state and local level. This is why House Judiciary Democrats have sent a letter today to the U.S. Department of Justice to demand action.In addition, I expect, as the primary committee of jurisdiction over civil rights law and law enforcement, the Judiciary Committee will be engaging in oversight and considering legislation in the coming weeks to address the crisis of racial profiling, excessive force by law enforcement and lost trust between police departments and the communities they serve.”

Federal law prohibits any governmental authority from engaging in a “pattern or practice” of conduct by law enforcement officers that deprives persons of their constitutional rights. This federal statute also authorizes the Attorney General to initiate a civil action to obtain appropriate equitable or declaratory relief to eliminate such a pattern or practice.

In the wake of high-profile applications of fatal force by police against unarmed African American men in Ferguson, Baltimore, Cleveland, and Chicago, the Justice Department investigated policing practices in those cities and uncovered rampant abuses of constitutional rights and civil liberties. During the Obama Administration, the Justice Department negotiated consent decree agreements with the police departments in all four cities.

Following President Trump’s election and his appointment of Jefferson B. Sessions as Attorney General, the Justice Department abruptly changed its interpretation of its statutory role to eliminate patterns and practices of unconstitutional conduct in local police departments.

In May 2019, House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security Chairwoman & Congressional Black Caucus Chair Karen Bass (D-CA) and several House Judiciary Committee Democrats sent a letter to the U.S. Department of Justice seeking information about actions it was taking to reduce police-involved violence, including its use of consent decrees and pattern and practice investigations. To date, there has been no response. On September 19, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing to address unconstitutional conduct by state and local law enforcement officials.

In addition to Chairman Nadler, today’s letter was signed by Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX), Steve Cohen (D-TN), Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (D-GA), Ted Deutch (D-FL), Karen Bass (D-CA), Cedric L. Richmond (D-LA), Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY), David N. Cicilline (D-RI), Eric Swalwell (D-CA), Ted Lieu (D-CA), Jamie Raskin (D-MD), Pramila Jayapal (D-WA), Val B. Demings (D-FL), J. Luis Correa (D-CA), Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA), Sylvia R. Garcia (D-TX), Joe Neguse (D-CO), Lucy McBath (D-GA), Greg Stanton (D-AZ), Madeleine Dean (D-PA), Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (D-FL), and Veronica Escobar (D-TX).

Full text of today’s letter is available here and below.

May 28, 2020

The Honorable William Barr The Honorable Eric Dreiband
Attorney General of the United States Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division 
U.S. Department of Justice U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20530-0001 Washington, D.C. 20530-0001

Dear Attorney General Barr and Assistant Attorney General Dreiband:

We the undersigned Members of the House Judiciary Committee ask that the Department of Justice: (i) evaluate the actions of local officials responsible for investigating the killing of Ahmaud Arbery, including the role played by local prosecutors, and whether they conspired to deprive Mr. Arbery of his constitutional rights, (ii) initiate an investigation into whether the death of Breonna Taylor, an unarmed COVID-19 first responder who was shot eight times by Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) officers while asleep in her own apartment, was part of a pattern or practice of unconstitutional conduct by the LMPD, and (iii) investigate the death of George Floyd while in the custody of the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) including whether it was part of a pattern or practice of unconstitutional conduct by the MPD. We further ask that the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, and the Department of Justice Community Relations Service brief the Committee on the status of these matters at the earliest practical time.

Facts Pertaining to the Death of George Floyd

Mr. Floyd’s detention by the MPD, which occurred yesterday and was captured on video, is the latest in a string of high profile and outrageous extrajudicial killings of African Americans suspected of committing minor criminal violations and is eerily reminiscent of the NYPD killing of Eric Garner. The nine-minute video appears to show an officer kneeling on Mr. Floyd’s neck as he begs for help, stating repeatedly that he can’t breathe.^[1]

MPD officers claim that Mr. Floyd was resisting their attempts to arrest him for forgery—a non-violent offense.^[2] As the officer applied the full force of his full body weight on top of Mr. Floyd with a knee to the neck, bystanders called for officers to reduce the amount of force being applied.^[3] “He’s not even resisting arrest right now, bro,” one bystander tells the officer and his partner.^[4] One bystander observed that the officer was cutting off Mr. Floyd’s air supply: “You’re…stopping his breathing right now, you think that’s cool?”^[5] After about five minutes into the video, Mr. Floyd appears to go unconscious.^[6] Police then called an ambulance which took Mr. Floyd to the Hennepin County Medical Center where he was pronounced dead.^[7]

There simply is no excuse for any law enforcement officer to treat any human being in the brutally callous way the Minneapolis Police Department treated Mr. Floyd, apparently causing his death. We applaud MPD’s decision to fire four of the officers involved but call for an investigation into the full extent to which all persons involved may be civilly or criminally liable for Mr. Floyd’s death, including whether it was part of a pattern of civil rights violations by the MPD.^[8]

Facts Pertaining to the Killing of Ahmaud Arbery

The killing of Mr. Arbery and its subsequent investigation are reminiscent of early 20^th century lynchings in the Jim Crow South. On February 23, 2020, Travis and Gregory McMichael killed Mr. Arbery while he was out for a jog, purportedly because they suspected him of committing a burglary. Gregory McMichael was a former police officer and investigator with the Glynn County Police Department (GCPD) and Brunswick Judicial Circuit, the entities responsible for investigating the killing. The killing was captured on video, yet law enforcement refused to arrest the McMichaels for 74 days—until the video was leaked to the public on May 7, 2020.

Gregory McMichael’s status as a former law enforcement officer, in addition to his relationship with the officials responsible for investigating Mr. Arbery’s killing, raise questions as to whether some combination of racial bias, conflicts of interest, or gross negligence led to Mr. Arbery’s death and compromised the integrity of the subsequent investigation. Reports indicate that Gregory McMichael worked as an investigator with the Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney’s Office under Jackie L. Johnson, the attorney who allegedly instructed responding officers to refrain from arresting the McMichaels at the scene. Reports also indicate that McMichael had a history of failing to complete required use-of-force and firearms trainings, and that in 2014, Johnson intervened on his behalf to waive those requirements so that he could continue to work as an investigator in her office.

In 2019, McMichael was stripped of his arrest powers due to his continued failure to comply with peace officer use-of-force training standards. On February 27^th, 2020, the Georgia Attorney General’s Office received a letter from Johnson indicating her intent to recuse herself from the case. In this letter, she omitted any reference to communications she had with the GCPD regarding the arrest of the McMichaels.

Reports indicate that Johnson personally recruited George Barnhill, District Attorney for the Waycross Judicial District, to take over the case following her recusal, another fact she omitted from her recusal letter. Barnhill’s son works as an assistant district attorney under Johnson’s supervision, and apparently worked with McMichael on a prior prosecution involving Mr. Arbery—yet another fact Johnson omitted in her communications with the Georgia Attorney General’s Office. The day after the killing, Barnhill advised the GCPD that they lacked probable cause to arrest the McMichaels for killing Mr. Arbery.

On April 7, 2020, Barnhill decided to recuse himself based on his son’s work with McMichael on the prior case involving Mr. Arbery, a fact which Barnhill claims to have discovered in early March 2020. In two communications regarding his decision to recuse, Barnhill defended his refusal to charge the McMichaels for killing Mr. Arbery. In doing so, Barnhill accepted the McMichaels’ version of the events, including their self-serving assertions that: (1) they confronted Arbery with openly drawn firearms because they had probable cause to believe Mr. Arbery burglarized a home that was under construction, (2) Mr. Arbery violently attacked Travis McMichael, and (3) Travis killed Mr. Arbery in self-defense. Barnhill also seemed to justify Mr. Arbery’s killing by citing his prior criminal record and that of his family members.^[9] Finally, Barnhill falsely asserted that there was a video recording of Mr. Arbery “burglarizing a home immediately preceding the chase and confrontation.”^[10]

Several evidentiary sources undermine Barnhill’s conclusions, including video surveillance footage of several individuals—of different races—walking in and out of the home construction site that the McMichaels accused Mr. Arbery of burglarizing. Also, the owner of the home construction site, alleged burglary victim Larry English, stated that there was no property stolen from the site.

Facts Pertaining to the Killing of Breonna Taylor

As with Mr. Arbery, Breonna Taylor’s tragic death highlights the need for federal oversight of state and local law enforcement agencies to ensure they remain accountable to the communities they serve. Ms. Taylor was shot eight times and killed by LMPD Criminal Interdiction Division officers executing a “no-knock” search warrant on her apartment during the early morning hours of March 13, 2020. Apparently, the subject of the warrant was already in police custody prior to LMPD officers arriving at Ms. Taylor’s apartment. Upon arrival, the officers, who were in plain clothes, did not knock and did not identify themselves as police.^[11] Ms. Taylor’s boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, a licensed gun owner, used his firearm to defend the home against what he believed to be an attempted burglary.^[12] The officers fired a hail of bullets into the apartment, over twenty rounds, striking Ms. Taylor eight times and killing her.^[13] The officers were not wearing body cameras.^[14]

The LMPD claims that despite securing a “no-knock” warrant, the officers knocked multiple times and announced their presence. LMPD also arrested Mr. Walker for attempted murder and first-degree assault, despite his claims that he lawfully used his firearm in self-defense pursuant to the “castle-doctrine” which would be an absolute affirmative defense to the charges. As of May 13, 2020, Jefferson County Commonwealth’s Attorney Tom Wine was continuing to pursue Walker’s prosecution, raising questions about whether the prosecution is intended to provide cover for charges of officer misconduct. Ms. Taylor’s killing is the latest in a string of excessive force allegations against the LMPD, all of which require federal scrutiny into whether the LMPD is engaging in a pattern or practice of depriving individuals of their constitutional rights pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 12601.^[15]

The decision to prosecute Mr. Walker for defending his home with a lawfully possessed firearm, especially when compared to the investigation into Mr. Arbery’s killing, raises serious public concerns over whether law enforcement can be trusted to enforce the law with fairness and transparency and in a manner that values the lives of African American citizens.

The killings of Mr. Floyd, Mr. Arbery, and Ms. Taylor all illustrate the need for national evidence-based policing and training standards that promote safe and humane local, state, and federal law enforcement practices, as well as an increase in federal resources to incentivize reform. In response to Ms. Taylor’s killing, the LMPD has imposed additional oversight for no-knock warrants and now requires all sworn officers to wear body cameras when serving warrants.^[16]

The fair, transparent, and equal administration of justice is a bedrock principle for citizens to maintain the trust required to govern themselves in an ordered society. However, public trust in the blind administration of justice is being seriously tested by recent high-profile killings of African Americans during attempts to enforce state laws as well as by the lack of transparency regarding how and why those killings occurred. It is for these reasons that we are today asking the relevant sections of the Department to: (1) review the role of local prosecutors in the Ahmaud Arbery case and whether they conspired to deprive Mr. Arbery of his constitutional rights, (2) initiate a “pattern or practice” investigation into the LMPD in the Breonna Taylor case, (3) support existing investigations into the death of George Floydwhile in custody of the Minneapolis Police Department, and (4) provide a briefing to the members of this Committee regarding all three matters. We look forward to hearing from your office.

Sincerely,

[1] FBI investigating after man dies in Minneapolis Police custody; video shows him saying “I can’t breathe,” KARE11, May 26, 2020.
[2] “Being Black in America Should Not Be A Death Sentence”: Officials Respond to George Floyd’s Death, WCCO CBS Minnesota, May 26, 2020.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] WCCO CBS Minnesota, supra, note 2.
[7] KARE11, supra, note 1.
[8] See MPD Chief Arradondo: 4 Police Officers Fired Following Death of George Floyd, WCCO CBS Minnesota, May 2020.
[9] See Email from George Barnhill to Blair McGown and Karen Crittendon, dated Apr. 7, 2020 (“This family are not strangers to the local criminal justice system. From best we can tell, Ahmaud’s older brother has gone to prison in the past and is currently in the Glynn jail, without bond, awaiting new felony prosecution. It also appears a cousin has been prosecuted by DA Johnson’s office. Ahmaud, the deceased, had a juvenile and adult felony record.”); see also, Undated Letter from George Barnhill to Captain Tom Jump (“Arbery’s mental health records & prior convictions help explain his apparent aggressive nature and his possible thought pattern to attack an armed man”).
[10] See Barnhill Email, supra note 1.
[11] Complaint at 7, Palmer v. Hankison, No. 20-CI-002694 (Jefferson Cnty. Cir. Ct. Apr. 27, 2020).
[12] Id. at 3, 10.
[13] Id. at 9.
[14] Nick Picht, LMPD officers serving warrant at Breonna Taylor’s home were not wearing body cameras, WAVE 3 News, May 16, 2020.
[15] See Complaint, supra note 3, at 4 (“Cosgrove has a prior history of shooting a Louisville resident seven times,” “Defendant Hankison has a prior history of unnecessary force and corruption within his employment”); see also, Man sues LMPD, Metro Government for excessive force claims during traffic stop, WLKY, Aug. 19, 2019; see also, Sarah Ladd, LMPD officers held family at gunpoint in botched drug arrest, lawsuit says, Louisville Courier Journal, Oct. 30, 2019; see also, Jason Riley, LMPD officer fired over tasing incident sues to get job back, WDRB.com, Jan. 21, 2020.
[16] Tessa Duvall and Darcy Costello, Louisville Metro Police to toughen policies on no-knock warrants, body cameras, Louisville Courier Journal, May 19, 2020.